Manufacture of paper and other fibrous compositions



E STATES Patented July 29, 1924.

" rrmr sonmaowrrz, or nomaon, ENGLAND, nssronoa ro vumnx LIMITED, or I s'n-nnmnn, JERSEY, CHANNEL ISLANDS, a JERSEY COMPANY.

f No Drawing.

To all whom it may c oncern r" Be it known that I, Dr. PHILIP Scmnnowrrz, a subject of the King of England,

residing in Lon-don England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper and Other Fibrous Compositions, of which the ,following a specification.

the present invention is for improvements in and relating to the manufacture of compositions, such as paper, card of other compositions in sheet or compacted form, compounded from loose or unwoven fibrous substances.

In specification of United States Patent otql'a'n. 23, 1923, No. 1,443,149, I have described a process for the production of a solution or colloidal suspension. of vulcanized rubber in water. In brief, this process consists in direct vulcanization of rubber latex, (with or without additions thereto of I other materals, such as fillers, pigments, or

a colloidal substance such as casein), the latex being vulcanized'without prior coagulation of the caoutchouc and under conditions to preclude coagu ation or any subv .be separpted in vulcanized form by simple:

stantial coagulation during the vulcanization. After vulcanizing, the liquid product ma be strained in order to free the vulcanize latex from suspended .im uri'ties. From the reaction product, the rub er may evaporat on of the liquid, or' by additlon f thereto of a coa ulant, such as acetic or' sulphuric acid. lhe preparation of the vulcanized fluid may temperature below that ordinarily employed in hot vulcanizing processes, as iSdBSOIlbGd.

in my concurrent application -for United States Letters Patent, Ser. No. 625,171.

\ For convenience, the vulcanized fluid ob-. *2 ed amording to the processes of the aforesaid U. S. specifications will be hereinafter referred to as aqueous vulcanized rubber. i I

According to the present invention, the manufacture of compositions from loose or unwoven fibrous materials is characterized by compounding (e. g. by impregnating or admixing) .such amaterial with aqueous vulcanized rubber, and then depositing the vulcanized rubber in situ upon. the fibrous material or said material along with the other ingredients of the composition, the

becarried out at a ,MANUI'AQTURE OF PAPER AND OTHER FIBBOUS COMPOSITIONS.

. Application filed September 25, 1923. Serial No. 684,767.

deposition being most conveniently efiected as a rule'by addition of a coagulant.

Thefibrous material may be so treated in the loose condition, or n more or less compacted form asmay desired or prove convenient.

Fibrous material of more than one kind may be employed and may be of vegetable or animal origin, and the composition may comp-rise fillers, colouring matter and other.

additions according to particular requirements. v r

An important feature of the present invention is the'manufacture of paper characterized by incorporating or impregnating suitable fibrous material with aqueous vulcanized rubber followed by the deposition of the rubber in situupon the solid components of the paper, for exam le, by addition of a coagulant. is made into paper sheets may be admixed with the aqueous vulcanized rubber, the rubber being deposited upon, the particles of pulp and the pulp thereafter made into paper. Alternatively, the papler may be mpregnated after it is made into sheet'with, the aqueous vulcanized rubber, and, the rubber deposited either by adding a co-' agulant or by evaporation-of the water, as in ordinary tub-sizing. I v In the manufacture of compositions gen- The pu p before it orally, the incorporation of the rubberthe composition may be effected inany known way and at any convenient stage fibrous and other ingredients of the com- -position may be efi'ected at a later stage of manufacture, for instance, while forming the mixture .into sheet or other required form. The vulcanized fluid may be diluted before working up with the other composition in ients according to the nature of the final composition, or of the particular material or materials from which it l'sprev,

pared.

- The following is adescription way bearing fluid with the other components of I of example of the application of the iiiven- I will be 'appreciated that these examplesare.

' agulated'on the dry fi'bre) was added.

that the invention is not limited thereby.

tion to the manufacture of paper, but it given for illustrative purposes only, and

p Example I. I ,1 i In this example a quantity of well beaten pulp (asused in themanufacture'of high grade rag fibre. To this pulp, 10% of rosin size (oo-' The vulcanized latex employed was made by taking 2000Jcubic centimeters of latex,

which had been preserved from coagulationby ammonia, and cont-ainedabout 29 to 30% of dry rubber. granunes" of precipitated sulphur, 10 grammes of zinc oxide and 5 grammes of piperidine were rubbed up w it h 100 cubicflcentimeters of water containing a little amnioniauntil the mixture became of a creamy consistency, and this cream-was admixed with the latex by thoroughstirring. The whole was put in a vulcanizer and cured for 30 minutes under a pressure rising to 40 lbs. per square inch and for. a further 30 minutes with the pressure malntained at 40 lbs-per square inch. The latex after vulcanization consisted of an un'coagu-' late-d aqueous suspension as set forth in United States Patent, No. 1,443,149.

The latexthus prepared was added in the proportion of 1% of dry rubber calculated on theamount of dry fibre to the paper pulp. Suflicient alum was then added to precipitate the size and to coagulate the latex. The pulp was then made into paperin the usual way; q I

A number of sheets of the paper thus-prepared were tested for bursting. strain and the average of 10 determinations gave a strain of 1027- lbs. As compared with this result, sheets of paper prepared fromthe same pulp under the same conditions without latex had a bursting strain of 8.57 lbs. Sheets prepared by the incorporation of raw crunvulcanized latex had-a bursting strainof 9.51 lbs.

, Emrlg In this case thepaper was prepared exact 1y as in Example I with the exception that '2% of rubber was'employed. The paper 0 j In this case'4 of latex was employed and prepared with vulcanizedclatex had aburstin}; strain of 13.31 lbs. but with raw latex only 11.42 lbs., against 8.57 lbs., for the untreated paper. I

Example i11. r

in th'case of vulcanized latex the bursting stram was; raised to 15.74 lbs. as against 12.03 lbs-.nfor the raw latex.

- .It' was found in a series of determinations latex with water'before ranging from of the vulcanized latex: gave an improvement ism, that overfth'e raw latexamounting on the averplicable to the rubberizing of fibrous ma- -terials the nature of which precludes orpaper) was diluted] with water to a point where it contained 2 of dry,

renders diflicultftheir.submission to a hot vulcanization;

170 means for the manufacture of rubberized 1 fibrous compositions, and is particularly ap-.

I 'Insome cases where heat'is permissible, I

" deposition or separation of the rubber from the latex according to the processv of the present invention may possiblyfbe efiected pr improved by the aid ofheatji' In using the liquid-vulcanized latex, care should be taken that no small coagulated particles or lumps of 'rubber a're'mix'ed with it.. It may beadvantageous to 'dilute the admixing it with the pulp I I claim 1 1. The process of manufabtureof rubber- .ized fibrous compositions which. comprises compounding together unwoven fibrous material; and aqueous vulcanized rubber and producing a deposit of the vulcanized rubber insitir upon the fibres of said'material,

-2.- The process of manufacture of rubberiEed fibrous compositions which-comprises compounding together a compacted unwoven fibrous material and a ueous vulcanized rubher and producing a eposit of the vulcanized rubber in situ upon the fibres of-saiol material. 1 i v 3. The process of manufacture of rubberized fibrous compositions which comprises compounding together 'unwoven fibrous material and aqueous-vulcanized rubber and co= agulating the vulcanized rubber in'situ-upon the fibres of said material.

. 4. The process of manufacture of rubber ized fibrous compositions which. comprises compounding together unwoven fibrous meterial, aqueous vulcanized rubber, and a fill ing agent and producing a deposit of the" vulcanizedrubber in situ uponsaid. composition ingredients. I 4 5. The process of manufacture of rubber ized fibrous compositions which comprises compounding together unwoven celluloslc fibrous material and aqueous vulcanized rubher and producing a deposit of the vulcan-= izedrubber insitu upon, the fibres of said material,

6. .The process of terial and a ueous vulcanized rubber and producing'a While working the see I manufacture of ubberzed. fibrous compositions which comprises compounding together unwoven fibrous ma-* eposit of the vulcanized ruberin s1tu upon the fibres of said material compounding together an unwoven fibrous material and aqueous vulcanized rubber, c0: agulatmg the vulcanized rubber in situ upon the fibres of said material, removing theliquid from the compounded mass and workin'g the latter intoa compacted form. 1

8. The process of manufacture of rubberized paper which comprises compounding together paper ingredients and aqueous vulcanized rubberand producing a deposit of the vulcanized rubber in situ upon said ingredients.

9. The process of manufacture of rubberized paper which comprises compoundin together paper ingredients and a ueous vu canized rubber andcoagulatmg t e vulcanized rubber in situ upon said ingredients.

10. The process of manufacture of rubberized paper which comprises compounding together a pulp of paper ingredlents and aqueous vulcanized rubber, coagulating the vulcanized rubber within the pulp, and working the rubberized mixture intoa compacted form.

11. As a new article of-manufacture, acomposition compounded of unwoven fibrous material and caoutchouc directly deposited in the vulcanized state upon the fibres.

12. As a new article of manufacture rubberized paper containing vulcanized rubber directly deposited in the vulcanized form upon the paper fibres.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

' PHIL-1P SCHIDROWITZ. 

